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Streptomyces
''Streptomyces'' is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of ''Streptomyces'' bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are Gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.
Streptomycetes are characterised by a complex secondary metabolism.〔 They produce over two-thirds of the clinically useful antibiotics of natural origin (e.g., neomycin, cypemycin, grisemycin, bottromycins and chloramphenicol).〔(Understanding and manipulating antibiotic production in actinomycetes )〕 The now uncommonly used streptomycin takes its name directly from ''Streptomyces''. Streptomycetes are infrequent pathogens, though infections in humans, such as mycetoma, can be caused by ''S. somaliensis'' and ''S. sudanensis'', and in plants can be caused by ''S. caviscabies'', ''S. acidiscabies'', ''S. turgidiscabies'' and ''S. scabies''.
==Taxonomy==
''Streptomyces'' is the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae and currently covers close to 576 species with the number increasing every year. Acidophilic and acid-tolerant strains that were initially classified under this genus have later been moved to ''Kitasatospora'' (1997) and ''Streptacidiphilus'' (2003). Species nomenclature are usually based on their color of hyphae and spores.
''Saccharopolyspora erythraea'' was formerly placed in the present genus, too (as ''Streptomyces erythraeus'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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